Osteporosis and Osteopenia

What is it?

Loss of bone density with a T-score of:

<-2.5 for osteoporosis

-1 to -2.5 for osteopenia

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Why Do We Care?

Lifetime risk of osteoporotic fracture: 40-50% for women; 13-22% for men

Common sites for fractures: hip and vertebrae

Rate of mortality post hip fracture at 1 year: 20-30%

 

Contributing factors to bone density:

Age

Sex hormone deficiency, post menopause

Imbalances of calcium and vitamin D

Long term glucocorticoid use

Lifestyle: Smoking, alcohol, caffeine, sedentary lifestyle